Publications

Project Team Publications

Mills, E., N. Bourassa, L. Rainer, J. Mai, A. Shehabi, and N. Mills. 2019. "Toward Greener Gaming: Estimating National Energy Use and Energy Efficiency Potential." The Computer Games Journal, 8(3):157-178 [pdf]

Mills, E., N. Bourassa, L. Rainer, J. Mai, I. Vaino, C. Curtin, A. Shehabi, L-B Desroches, and N. Mills. 2018. "A Plug-loads Game Changer: Computer Gaming Energy Efficiency without Performance Compromise."  Final Report to the California Energy Commission under project EPC-15-023, Report number CEC-500-2019-042, 85pp [pdf]

Mills, E., N. Bourassa, L. Rainer, J. Mai, A. Shehabi, and N. Mills. 2018. “Green Gaming: Energy Efficiency without Performance Compromise.” Task 7 Report. Report to the California Energy Commission under project EPC-15-023. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. 140pp. [low-res PDF; high-res PDF]

Bourassa, N., L. Rainer, J. Mai, and C. Curtin. 2018. “Gaming Systems Energy Performance Measurements & Benchmark Testing Procedures Report (Tasks 3&4).” Report to the California Energy Commission under project EPC-15-023. 125pp. [pdf]

Bourassa, N., L. Rainer, J. Mai, and C. Curtin. 2018. “Final Standardized Test Bed Specification and Findings Report (Task 5).” Report to the California Energy Commission under project EPC-15-023. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. 94pp. [pdf Appendices: A | B | C | D | E ]

Vaino, I, T. Said, and N. Bourassa. 2018. "Gaming PC Real-time Users Energy Performance Feedback and Metrics Report (Task 6)." Report to the California Energy Commission under project EPC-15-023. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. 33pp. [pdf]

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. 2016. "Gaming Systems Test Plan: Task 5: Identify Options to Improve Energy Performance of Gaming PC Systems." Prepared for the California Energy Commission by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. 16pp. [pdf]

Mills, E., T. Pollak, N. Bourassa, L. Rainer, J. Mai, N. Mills, L-B Desroches, and A. Shehabi. 2017. “An Energy-focused Profile of the Video Gaming Marketplace.” Task 2 Report.  Prepared for the California Energy Commission by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. 70pp. [pdf]

Bourassa, N.B., L. Rainer, and E. Mills. 2016. "Gaming System Acquisition Specifications Report: TASK 3: Develop Energy Performance Measurements & Benchmark Testing Options." Prepared for the California Energy Commission by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. 5pp. [pdf]

Desroches, L.-B., J.B. Greenblatt, S. Pratt, H. Willem, E. Claybaugh, B. Beraki, M. Nagaraju, K.S. Price, S.J. Young, and S.M. Donovan, 2015. "Video Game Console Usage and U.S. National Energy Consumption: Results From a Field-metering Study.” Energy Efficiency 8(3). DOI 10.1007/s12053-014-9308-0. [pdf]

Donovan, S.M., L-B Desroches, M.F. Pirie, and J.B. Greenblat. 2013. “Determination of Accurate Television Usage Profiles: a U.S. Case Study.” Energy Efficiency, DOI 10.1007/s12053-013-9222-x [pdf]

Greenblatt, J.B., S. Pratt, H. Willem, E. Claybaugh, L.-B. Desroches, B. Beraki, M. Nagaraju, K.S. Price, and S.J. Young. 2013. "Field Data Collection of Miscellaneous Electrical Loads in Northern California: Initial Results.” LBNL-6115E. [pdf]

Mills, N. and E. Mills. 2016. "Taming the Energy Use of Gaming Computers," Energy Efficiency, 9:321–338, DOI 10.1007/s12053-015-9371-1 [pdf]

Shehabi, A. B. Walker, and E. Masanet. 2014. “The Energy and Greenhouse-gas Implications of Internet Video Streaming in the United States.” Environmental Research Letters, DOI 10.1088/1748-9326/9/5/054007 [pdf]

Other useful publications

Beck, N., P. May-Ostendorp, C. Calwell, B. Vairamohan, and T. Geist. 2012. “How Low Can You Go? A White Paper on Cutting Edge Efficiency in Commercial Desktop Computers.” Prepared for the California Energy Commission, Public Interest Energy Research Program. CEC 500-2012-065, 29pp.

Brightman, J. 2013. “Console Declines Delay $100 Billion Mark for Industry to 2019 - DFC.” Gamesindustry.biz http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2014-10-21-console-decline-delays-usd100-billion-mark-for-industry-to-2019-dfc.

Brocklehurst, F. and J. Wood. 2014. “Energy Consumption of Gaming Computers in the US: Relative to the ENERGY STAR Version 6 Benchmark.” CLASP. 29pp.

Calwell, C. and P. Ostendorp. 2005. “80 Plus: A Strategy for Reducing the Inherent Environmental Impacts of Computers.” IEEE International Symposium.

Crijns, K. 2014. “Workshop: Making Your PC as Energy Efficient as Possible.” Hardware.info http://us.hardware.info/reviews/5735/2/workshop-making-your-pc-as-energy-efficient-as-possible-our-haswellnsystem

Cutress, I. 2014.”ASRock Z97 OC Formula Motherboard Review: Less Lamborghini, More Yellow.” “Anandtech.com http://www.anandtech.com/show/8573/asrock-z97-oc-formula-motherboard-review-less-lamborghini-more-yellow/5.

Delforge, P and N. Horowitz. 2014. “The Latest-Generation Video Game Consoles.” Natural Resources Defense Council Issue Paper IP:14-04-B. 19pp.

Ecova. 2012. “Desktop Graphics Cards Idle Power Measurement: Test Approach and Component Selection Criteria”, Durango, CO, 22pp.

HardwareCanucks. 2014. “Quad-Fire R9 295X2 Custom Watercooling Rig (ExtravaLANza 2014)” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xjMlkpRz2-A#t=40.

Koomey, J.G. 2012. “The Economics of Green DRAM in Servers.” Analytics Press, 27pp.

Koomey, J.G. 2011. S. Berard, M. Sanchez, and H. Wong. “Implications of Historical Trends in The Electrical Efficiency of Computing.” IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. 33(3):46-54 http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/MAHC.2010.28.

Pollak, T. 2010. “Calculating the Total Cost of Ownership.” Jon Peddie Research http://jonpeddie.com/blogs/comments/calculating-the-total-cost-of-ownership1/ 

Urban, B., V. Shmakova, B. Lim, and K. Roth. 2014. “Energy Consumption of Consumer Electronics in U.S. Homes in 2013.” Fraunhofer USA, 158pp.

Webb, A., K. Mayers, C. France, and J. Koomey. 2013. “Estimating the Energy Use of High Definition Games Consoles.” Energy Policy 61:1412-1421.